The category

Retail media has grown from a search-only Amazon budget to a full media channel that now includes display, video, CTV, and offsite programmatic — all built on the retailer's first-party purchase data. The appeal is real: you're reaching in-market shoppers using actual purchase behavior, not probabilistic audience segments. Amazon knows someone bought your competitor's product last month. That signal is genuinely valuable, and no amount of DMP audience modeling can replicate it. The problem is that every retailer uses their own attribution model, defined by them, to report the ROI of their own inventory. Amazon's ROAS is measured by Amazon. Walmart's is measured by Walmart. There is no independent auditor.

The standard retail media attribution uses last-touch within the retailer's ecosystem, often with a 14-day attribution window and a definition of "conversion" that includes any purchase in the category — not just your specific SKU. This systematically overstates ROI for everything. The only credible independent measurement approach is incrementality testing: running holdout experiments to measure the lift your retail media spend actually drove versus what would have happened without it. Very few brands are doing this systematically. The gap between reported retail media ROAS and incremental retail media ROAS is often the largest measurement gap in the entire marketing budget.

The tensions in this category
Reported ROAS vs. incremental ROAS

Every retailer's self-reported ROAS looks excellent. Incrementality testing consistently shows the incremental lift is a fraction of the reported number. The gap varies by category and retailer, but the gap is always there.

Fragmentation vs. consolidation

CPG brands now manage retail media budgets across Amazon, Walmart, Kroger, Instacart, Target, CVS, and dozens more — each with different UIs, measurement methodologies, and attribution windows. The operational overhead is enormous.

On-site search vs. offsite programmatic

On-site retail media (sponsored search) is high intent and relatively defensible. Offsite retail media (display and CTV using retailer data) competes directly with standard programmatic — but costs significantly more, justified by the data premium.

Walmart Connect

Walmart's retail media network. Access to 140M+ weekly shoppers across Walmart's physical and digital properties, with in-store, on-site, and offsite inventory.

omnichannelin-storeWalmart
Best forCPG brands with significant Walmart distribution that want to reach Walmart's in-store shopper base
Why it wins: Scale (second only to Amazon in retail media) and the unique ability to connect online ad exposure to in-store purchase — Walmart can verify offline conversion through loyalty data and POS.
Brands without Walmart distribution — the targeting data is specific to Walmart's buyer base
Visit Walmart Connect ↗
Instacart Ads

Grocery retail media across the Instacart marketplace and 1,400+ retail partners. High-intent grocery shopping signals with category-level targeting.

groceryhigh intentCPG
Best forCPG food and beverage brands where the grocery purchase signal is directly relevant
Why it wins: Grocery-specific purchase data at the SKU level. The intent signal for CPG food/beverage is as strong as it gets — someone searching for "pasta sauce" on Instacart is moments from purchase.
Non-grocery brands — the audience and intent signals are highly category-specific
Visit Instacart Ads ↗
Target Roundel

Target's retail media network. On-site search and display combined with offsite programmatic using Target Circle loyalty data and first-party purchase history.

Targetloyalty dataoffsite
Best forBrands sold at Target, particularly in home, apparel, and beauty categories where Target skews strong
Why it wins: Target Circle loyalty data covers 100M+ members, enabling detailed purchase history targeting outside Target's own properties — one of the stronger offsite retail media data assets.
Brands without Target distribution or whose category doesn't skew to Target's core demographics
Visit Target Roundel ↗
CitrusAd

White-label retail media technology that powers the retail media networks of 80+ retailers including Woolworths, Albertsons, and Petco. The infrastructure behind many retailer networks.

white-labelretail techplatform
Best forRetailers building their own retail media network, not for advertisers buying media directly
Why it wins: The tech infrastructure that enables smaller retailers to offer retail media without building from scratch. Powers many regional and category-specific retailer networks.
Advertisers — this is a retailer-side platform, not a buy-side tool
Visit CitrusAd ↗

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Clearpath Analytics builds independent measurement frameworks for retail media — incrementality testing, holdout design, and cross-retailer reporting normalization.